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Alpha Feto-protein (AFP) What is the AFP test This is a blood test that measures
the amount of alpha-foeto protein (AFP) in the mother's blood and the amniotic
fluid. It is generally performed in the 15th to 18th week of pregnancy.
High levels of AFP could indicate that the baby has a neural tube defect
(NTD). This defect manifests itself as spina bifida (deformity of the spinal
column) or anencephaly (the absence of all or part of the brain). Abnormally
low levels could be a sign of increased risk of Down's syndrome or other
chromosomal defect. 95% of the time there is no past family history of
these conditions.
How accurate is the AFP test The drawback of this test is that abnormally high or low levels of AFP in the blood do not necessarily indicate that your baby will have a birth defect. Statistics show that while only 1 to 2 women in a 1000 have a foetus with a neural tube defect (NTD), about 50 of these women will demonstrate high levels of AFP in their blood when tested. Thus, to make a positive diagnosis, further testing such as amniocentesis and a sonogram becomes necessary. An elevated level of AFP in the amniotic fluid is associated with a 90 % chance that the foetus has NTD.
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